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Applications of static analyser Wasp

Static analyser Wasp is able to find subtle bugs in a program after testing and debugging stages of development. So far, we have not found a program with length more than 4000 lines in which Wasp could not find a bug. The table below summarizes results of Wasp application to some real programs, which was in common intensive usage:

Program Source language Time of exploitation Size in 1000 lines Found errors
PMOS/2 library for multitasking software, Newcastle, Australia Modula-2 2 years 17 6
OBERON programming System 3, ETH Zurich, Utilities News and BookCompiler Oberon-2 2-3 years 23 32
VAX command interpretor Modula-2 1.5 years 7 6
IBM/360 command interpretor Modula-2 4 months 5 9
Converter of headers from C to Modula-2 Oberon-2 6 months 11 4

Most of the found errors are uninitialized variables. This kind of errors may or may not cause incorrect execution depending on the initial memory state. So missing variable initializations are hard to find during testing and debugging stages of program development, and are especially dangerous for embedded software.

32 different errors, found by Wasp in two programs from OBERON System 3, are presented by the following Wasp messages below. Note, every bug was found in data flow connections between some (more than one) procedures. In the first part the bugs of News program are listed. 

#################### Undefined Variables (ABSOLUTE ERRORS) #################

[EC] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets.ob2 1167,53) variables
   $new116.control,$new117.control,$new127.control not assigned
        INCL(F.state0, TextGadgets0.blockadj); INCL(F$.control,nocontro...
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new116,$new117,$new127!
  #DECLARATIONS $new116:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,385,8)
       $new117:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,317,8)
       $new127:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,103,8) F:(1164,16)
  #CONTEXT  ! Init(1167,53) -> ShowText(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,385,16)
      #  ? Init(1167,53) ->
       LoadTextdocument(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,103,19),
       LoadLog(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,317,19)

[EC] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 709,45) variables
   $new116.state,$new117.state,$new127.state not assigned
              IF Gadgets.lockedsize IN main$.state THEN INCL(D.state, ...
  #DEREFERENCES main^=$new116,$new117,$new127!
  #DECLARATIONS $new116:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,385,8)
       $new117:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,317,8)
       $new127:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,103,8) main:(698,29)
  #CONTEXT  ! Init(709,45) -> ShowText(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,388,8)
      #  ? Init(709,45) ->
       LoadLog(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,319,8),
       LoadTextdocument(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,105,8)

[E] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets0.ob2 2496,38) variable FrameY not assigned
        PrintertopY := Printer.FrameY $+ Printer.FrameH; PrinterbotY := ...

[E] (e:/system3/src/win32/Viewers.ob2 218,17) variables
   $new64.state,$new66.state not assigned
            IF Filler$.state = 0 THEN
  #DEREFERENCES Filler^=$new64,$new66!
  #DECLARATIONS $new64:(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,326,2)
       $new66:(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,328,2) Filler:(215,41)

[E] (e:/system3/src/win32/Kernel.ob2 1026,8) variable initialised not
   assigned
            $IF initialised THEN

######## NIL pointer dereference & type guard (CONDITIONAL ERRORS) #########

[C] (e:/system3/src/Texts.ob2 414,14 415,12 415,24) NIL pointer dereference
   for variable T
   OpenReader(675,4) ->
       OpenReader(e:/system3/src/Attributes.ob2,330,8) ->
       UpArrowMacro(e:/system3/src/Gadgets.ob2,913,40?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 546,24) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable lc.font
            IF dc.hfont # lc$.font.hfont THEN
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Kernel.ob2 247,19) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable q
    BEGIN Lock(); el:=q$.link; WHILE el#q DO el.handle; el:=el.link END;
  #CONTEXT HandleQ(247,19) -> Exit(642,16?) -> $body_Kernel(1027,55?)

################# Undefined Variables (CONDITIONAL ERRORS) #################

[C] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 709,52) variable $new128.X not assigned
                                      x := M.x + F$.X; y := M.y + F.Y;...
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new128!
  #DECLARATIONS $new128:(934,8) F:(699,28)
[C] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 974,63) variable $new128.state not assigned
                    IF Gadgets.lockedsize IN main.state THEN INCL(F$.state,
    ...
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new128!
  #DECLARATIONS $new128:(934,8) F:(939,16)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 506,46) variable M.x not assigned
                                       x := M$.x + F.X; y := M.y + F.Y;...
  #DEREFERENCES M^=M!
  #DECLARATIONS M:(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1539,67) M:(497,42)
  #CONTEXT Handler(506,46?) ->
       LogHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,295,21) ->
       ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)
      # Handler(506,46?) -> DocHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,233,21)
       -> ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 506,52) variable $new115.X not assigned
                                        x := M.x + F$.X; y := M.y + F.Y;...
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new115!
  #DECLARATIONS $new115:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,384,8) F:(497,19)
  #CONTEXT Handler(506,52?) ->
       LogHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,295,21) ->
       ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)
      # Handler(506,52?) -> DocHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,233,21)
       -> ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 708,22) variable $new115.state not assigned
                    INCL(D$.state, Gadgets.lockedcontents);
  #DEREFERENCES D^=$new115!
  #DECLARATIONS $new115:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,384,8) D:(698,16)
  #CONTEXT Init(708,22) ->
       LoadLog(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,319,8),
       LoadTextdocument(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,105,8)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Viewers.ob2 58,17) variable $new144.state not
   assigned
  
       ReplConst(e:/system3/src/win/Display.ob2,385,8?) ->
       OpenDisplay(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,325,2)
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 598,24) variable timerSet not assigned
                            $IF timerSet THEN

[C] (e:/system3/src/win/Objects.ob2 328,56) variable $new47.stamp not
   assigned
                                 IF M.stamp = obj$.stamp THEN M.o...
  #DEREFERENCES obj^=$new47?
  #DECLARATIONS $new47:(352,16) obj:(318,31)
  #CONTEXT HandleDummy(328,56?) ->
       CopyPublicObject(e:/system3/src/Gadgets.ob2,1495,16?) ->
       LogHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,271,102? 272,78? 276,102?
       277,78? 281,102? 282,78?) ->
       CreateMenu(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1531,8) ->
       ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1569,34?)
      # CopyPublicObject(e:/system3/src/Gadgets.ob2,1495,16?) ->
       DocHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,204,102? 205,78? 209,102?
       210,78? 214,102? 215,78?) ->
       CreateMenu(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1531,8) ->
       ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1569,34?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Modules.ob2 503,29 504,24) variable
   $new0.export.nofExp not assigned

This message is induced by the the following bug: the second and the third parameters in the call 

  ret := Kernel32.GetFullPathName(S.ADR(name),LEN(fullName),S.ADR(fullName),i);
of the Check procedure was erroneously replaced. 

################# Undefined Variables (WARNINGS) ###########################

[W] (e:/system3/src/Gadgets.ob2 394,92) not assigned variable M.u moved
  ...IL; M.loc := NIL; Display.Broadcast(M); F := M.loc; u := M$.u; v := M.v;
[W] (e:/system3/src/Texts.ob2 258,16) not assigned variable type moved
        Files.Write($W, type); (*place holder*)
[W] (e:/system3/src/win32/Modules.ob2 862,16) not assigned variable
   $new0.nofCmds moved
            i := mod$.nofCmds;
  #DEREFERENCES mod^=$new0?
  #DECLARATIONS $new0:(e:/system3/src/win32/Kernel.ob2,1032,8) mod:(858,24)

Bugs of book.mes which are not mentioned in News.mes

######## NIL pointer dereference & type guard (CONDITIONAL ERRORS) #########

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Kernel.ob2 995,51) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable $new0.code
                            body := S.VAL(Body, S.ADR(m$.code[0]));
  #DEREFERENCES m^=$new0?
  #DECLARATIONS $new0:(1032,8) m:(985,12)

################# Undefined Variables (CONDITIONAL ERRORS) #################

[C] (e:/system3/src/BookCompiler.ob2 167,16) variable expand not assigned
                    $IF expand THEN
  #CONTEXT Expand(167,16) -> NewBook(269,24?) -> Book(1603,24?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Books0.ob2 211,22) variable $new121.state not assigned
                    INCL(F$.state, Gadgets.lockedsize);
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new121!
  #DECLARATIONS $new121:(210,16) F:(208,20)
[C] (e:/system3/src/Books0.ob2 398,22) variable $new126.state not assigned
                    INCL(F$.state, Gadgets.lockedsize);
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new126!
  #DECLARATIONS $new126:(397,16) F:(395,20)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2 426,36) variable inTask not assigned
                                    IF ~$inTask THEN

[C] (e:/system3/src/Texts.ob2 996,62) variable $new53.col not assigned
        IF ~(W.lib IS Fonts.Font) OR (W.lib # p.lib) OR (W.col # p$.col) OR
    ...
  #DEREFERENCES p^=$new53?
  #DECLARATIONS $new53:(567,8) p:(994,8)
  #CONTEXT Write(996,62?) -> WriteString(1017,23?) ->
       NewBook(e:/system3/src/BookCompiler.ob2,261,24?)
      # Write(996,62?) -> WriteString(1017,23?) ->
       NewBook(e:/system3/src/BookCompiler.ob2,262,24? 263,24?)
      # Write(996,62?) -> WriteString(1017,23?) ->
       $body_Books0(e:/system3/src/Books0.ob2,560,8)
      # Write(996,62?) -> WriteLn(1010,8) ->
       $body_Books0(e:/system3/src/Books0.ob2,561,8)
      # Write(996,62?) -> WriteLn(1010,8) ->
       NewBook(e:/system3/src/BookCompiler.ob2,271,16)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Modules.ob2 847,15) variable $new0.init not
   assigned
            ELSIF ~$m.init & import THEN C.Str("cyclic import not allowed");...
  #DEREFERENCES mod^=$new0? | m^=mod!
  #DECLARATIONS $new0:(e:/system3/src/win32/Kernel.ob2,1032,8) mod:(288,16)
       m:(810,41)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/FileDir.ob2 49,22 50,27) variable name[] not
   assigned on the first iteration of cycle
                    WHILE $name[i] # 0X DO
  #DEREFERENCES name^=name!
  #DECLARATIONS name:(e:/system3/src/win32/Files.ob2,222,23) name:(45,35)
  #CONTEXT ConvertChar(49,22)... -> FindFile(62,16) ->
       Old(e:/system3/src/win32/Files.ob2,225,49?) ->
       open(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,66,22)
      # Old(e:/system3/src/win32/Files.ob2,225,49?) ->
       Open(e:/system3/src/Texts.ob2,384,16) ->
       Compile(e:/system3/src/BookCompiler.ob2,1813,40?)
      # Old(e:/system3/src/win32/Files.ob2,225,49?) ->
       Open(e:/system3/src/Texts.ob2,384,16) ->
       open(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,91,24?)
################# Undefined Variables (WARNINGS) ###########################

[W] (e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2 452,28) not assigned variable M.beg
   moved
        text := M.text; beg := M$.beg; end := M.end; time := M.time
[W] (e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2 102,28) not assigned variable $new97.name[]
   moved
            NEW(T); open(D, T, D$.name, w, h);
  #DEREFERENCES D^=$new97!
  #DECLARATIONS $new97:(248,6) D:(99,27)

Obviously, the number of errors, which may be derived from Wasp message listings for News and BookCompiler programs, is likely to be greater than 32. It is hard for us to judge whether any of the other messages were induced by an error. OBERON System 3 program authors of course could do it.

The Wasp message listing for News program from OBERON System 3 is presented below. Actually, the following program was passed through Wasp: 

                     MODULE reply;
                       IMPORT News;
                     BEGIN News.Reply()
                     END reply.
Note that in the CONDITIONAL ERROR sections the density of actual errors is very high. Usually every fourth message means an error. 


################# Unassigned Variables (ABSOLUTE ERRORS) ##################
[EC] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets.ob2 1167,53) variables
   $new116.control,$new117.control,$new127.control not assigned
      INCL(F.state0, TextGadgets0.blockadj); INCL(F$.control,nocontro...
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new116,$new117,$new127!
  #DECLARATIONS $new116:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,385,8)
       $new117:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,317,8)
       $new127:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,103,8) F:(1164,16)
  #CONTEXT  ! Init(1167,53) -> ShowText(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,385,16)
      #  ? Init(1167,53) ->
       LoadTextdocument(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,103,19),
       LoadLog(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,317,19)


[EC] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 709,45) variables
   $new116.state,$new117.state,$new127.state not assigned
              IF Gadgets.lockedsize IN main$.state THEN INCL(D.state,   ...
  #DEREFERENCES main^=$new116,$new117,$new127!
  #DECLARATIONS $new116:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,385,8)
       $new117:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,317,8)
       $new127:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,103,8) main:(698,29)
  #CONTEXT  ! Init(709,45) -> ShowText(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,388,8)
      #  ? Init(709,45) ->
       LoadLog(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,319,8),
       LoadTextdocument(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,105,8)


[E] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets0.ob2 2496,38) variable FrameY not assigned
        PrintertopY := Printer.FrameY $+ Printer.FrameH; PrinterbotY :=  ...
[E] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets0.ob2 2496,38) variable FrameH not assigned
        PrintertopY := Printer.FrameY $+ Printer.FrameH; PrinterbotY :=  ...
[E] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets0.ob2 2503,51) variable FrameW not assigned
        PagenoX := SHORT(LONG(PrinterleftX) + LONG($Printer.FrameW) * 19...

[E] (e:/system3/src/win32/Viewers.ob2 218,17) variables
   $new64.state,$new66.state not assigned
            IF Filler$.state = 0 THEN
  #DEREFERENCES Filler^=$new64,$new66!
  #DECLARATIONS $new64:(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,326,2)
       $new66:(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,328,2) Filler:(215,41)


[E] (e:/system3/src/win32/Kernel.ob2 1026,8) variable initialised not
   assigned
            $IF initialised THEN

######### NIL pointer dereference & type guard (CONDITIONAL ERRORS) ########

[C] (e:/system3/src/Btrees.ob2 151,29 152,60 157,45) NIL pointer dereference
   for variable pm
                            IF pm$.dirty THEN
  #CONTEXT NewLIntPage(151,29?)... -> NewLInt(597,38)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 449,16) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable A.Enum
                    $M.Enum("DocumentName"); Gadgets.framehandle(F, M)
  #DEREFERENCES M^=A!
  #DECLARATIONS A:(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1539,8) M:(435,40)


[C] (e:/system3/src/Links.ob2 103,52) NIL pointer dereference for variable
   a0 on the first iteration of cycle
                    IF list = NIL THEN list := a ELSE a0$.next := a END;
[C] (e:/system3/src/Links.ob2 201,24) NIL pointer dereference for variable
   L.Enum
                            $M.Enum(p.name);
  #DEREFERENCES M^=L!
  #DECLARATIONS L:(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1523,4) M:(195,45)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Attributes.ob2 550,63) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable a0 on the first iteration of cycle
                    IF A = NIL THEN A := a; a0 := A ELSE a0$.next :=...

[C] (e:/system3/src/Texts.ob2 414,14 415,12 415,24) NIL pointer dereference
   for variable T
     OpenReader(675,4) ->
       OpenReader(e:/system3/src/Attributes.ob2,330,8)*recur*

[C] (e:/system3/src/Texts.ob2 414,25 414,38 414,47 418,20 418,34) NIL
   pointer dereference for variable T
     OpenReader(675,4) ->
       OpenReader(e:/system3/src/Attributes.ob2,330,8) ->
       UpArrowMacro(e:/system3/src/Gadgets.ob2,913,40?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win/Fonts.ob2 480,27 481,25 481,49 482,25 482,49 483,24)
   NIL pointer dereference for variable Default
            F.height := Default$.height;
  #CONTEXT Substitute(480,27)... -> Open(507,37? 513,44?) ->
       ThisLibrary(e:/system3/src/win/Objects.ob2,240,32?) -> This(522,30)
       -> Setdefault(535,60? 536,28?)
      # Substitute(480,27)... -> Open(497,24? 509,29?) ->
       ThisLibrary(e:/system3/src/win/Objects.ob2,240,32?) -> This(522,30)
       -> Setdefault(535,60? 536,28?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 549,24) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable lc.font
            IF dc.hfont # lc$.font.hfont THEN
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 550,48 550,76) NIL pointer dereference
   for variable lc.font
              dmmy := SelectObject(hdcDisp, lc$.font.hfont); dc.hfont  ...

[C] (e:/system3/src/win/Objects.ob2 576,46) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable $new134.GName
                                            COPY(L$.GName[m], GName[N]);
  #DEREFERENCES L^=$new134!
  #DECLARATIONS $new134:(e:/system3/src/Texts.ob2,322,8) L:(548,33)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Threads.ob2 346,24) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable trapHandler
                            $Kernel.trapHandler(t.trapInfo);

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Kernel.ob2 247,19) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable q
    BEGIN Lock(); el:=q$.link; WHILE el#q DO el.handle; el:=el.link END;
  #CONTEXT HandleQ(247,19) -> Exit(642,16?) -> $body_Kernel(1027,55?)
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Kernel.ob2 995,51) NIL pointer dereference for
   variable $new0.code
                            body := S.VAL(Body, S.ADR(m$.code[0]));
  #DEREFERENCES m^=$new0?
  #DECLARATIONS $new0:(1032,8) m:(985,12)

################ Unassigned Variables (CONDITIONAL ERRORS) ################

[C] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 709,52) variable $new128.X not assigned
                                            x := M.x + F$.X; y := M.y +
    F.Y;...
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new128!
  #DECLARATIONS $new128:(934,8) F:(699,28)
[C] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 709,68) variable $new128.Y not assigned
                                            x := M.x + F.X; y := M.y +
    F$.Y;...
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new128!
  #DECLARATIONS $new128:(934,8) F:(699,28)
[C] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 973,34) variable $new115.X not assigned
                    A.dX := A.X - main$.X; A.dY := A.Y - main.Y; A.dW :=
    A.W...
  #DEREFERENCES main^=$new115!
  #DECLARATIONS $new115:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,384,8) main:(939,36)
[C] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 974,63) variable $new128.state not assigned
                    IF Gadgets.lockedsize IN main.state THEN INCL(F$.state,
    ...
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new128!
  #DECLARATIONS $new128:(934,8) F:(939,16)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 506,46) variable M.x not assigned
                                            x := M$.x + F.X; y := M.y +
    F.Y;...
  #DEREFERENCES M^=M!
  #DECLARATIONS M:(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1539,67) M:(497,42)
  #CONTEXT Handler(506,46?) ->
       LogHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,295,21) ->
       ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)
      # Handler(506,46?) -> DocHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,233,21)
       -> ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 506,52) variable $new115.X not assigned
                                            x := M.x + F$.X; y := M.y +
    F.Y;...
  #DEREFERENCES F^=$new115!
  #DECLARATIONS $new115:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,384,8) F:(497,19)
  #CONTEXT Handler(506,52?) ->
       LogHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,295,21) ->
       Init(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,975,16)
      # Handler(506,52?) -> DocHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,233,21)
       -> Init(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,975,16)
      # Handler(506,52?) -> LogHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,295,21)
       -> ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)
      # Handler(506,52?) -> DocHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,233,21)
       -> ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 506,62) variable M.y not assigned
                                            x := M.x + F.X; y := M$.y +
    F.Y;...
  #DEREFERENCES M^=M!
  #DECLARATIONS M:(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1539,67) M:(497,42)
  #CONTEXT Handler(506,62?) ->
       LogHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,295,21) ->
       ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)
      # Handler(506,62?) -> DocHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,233,21)
       -> ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 708,22) variable $new115.state not assigned
                    INCL(D$.state, Gadgets.lockedcontents);
  #DEREFERENCES D^=$new115!
  #DECLARATIONS $new115:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,384,8) D:(698,16)
  #CONTEXT Init(708,22) ->
       LoadLog(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,319,8),
       LoadTextdocument(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,105,8)

[C] (e:/system3/src/Gadgets.ob2 981,27) variable A.s[] not assigned
                            IF $M.s[0] # 0X THEN (* Insert name *)
  #DEREFERENCES M^=A!
  #DECLARATIONS A:(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1539,8) M:(952,46)

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2 426,36) variable inTask not assigned
                                    IF ~$inTask THEN

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Viewers.ob2 58,17) variable $new144.state not
   assigned
 
       ReplConst(e:/system3/src/win/Display.ob2,385,8?) ->
       OpenDisplay(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,325,2)
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 533,28) variable dc.y not assigned
            IF (dc.x # x) OR (dc$.y # y) OR (dc.w # w) OR (dc.h # h) THEN
  #CONTEXT SetClippingArea(533,28?) ->
       ReplConst(e:/system3/src/win/Display.ob2,385,8?) ->
       OpenDisplay(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,325,2)
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 533,42) variable dc.w not assigned
            IF (dc.x # x) OR (dc.y # y) OR (dc$.w # w) OR (dc.h # h) THEN
  #CONTEXT SetClippingArea(533,42?) ->
       ReplConst(e:/system3/src/win/Display.ob2,385,8?) ->
       OpenDisplay(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,325,2)
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 533,56) variable dc.h not assigned
            IF (dc.x # x) OR (dc.y # y) OR (dc.w # w) OR (dc$.h # h) THEN
  #CONTEXT SetClippingArea(533,56?) ->
       ReplConst(e:/system3/src/win/Display.ob2,385,8?) ->
       OpenDisplay(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,325,2)
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 534,21) variable lc.len not assigned
                    IF lc$.len > 0 THEN FlushCache END;
  #CONTEXT SetClippingArea(534,21?) ->
       ReplConst(e:/system3/src/win/Display.ob2,385,8?) ->
       OpenDisplay(e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2,325,2)
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 553,15) variable lc.mode not assigned
            CASE lc$.mode OF
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 556,48) variable lc.y0 not assigned
              TextOut(hdcDisp, lc.x0, DispH-lc$.y0, S.ADR(lc.cache),l...
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Win32.ob2 601,24) variable timerSet not assigned
                            $IF timerSet THEN

[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/Modules.ob2 503,29 504,24) variable
   $new0.export.nofExp not assigned
    CheckName(455,32?)
[C] (e:/system3/src/win32/FileDir.ob2 78,27) variable fullName[] not assigned
                            IF $fullName[i] = WinPathChar THEN
  #DEREFERENCES fullName^=fullName!
  #DECLARATIONS fullName:(445,24) fullName:(73,32)

##################### Unassigned Variables (WARNINGS) #####################

[W] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 1563,32) not assigned variable $new115.X
   moved
                            M.X := D$.X; M.Y := D.Y; M.W := recDocwidth;
    M.H...
  #DEREFERENCES D^=$new115!
  #DECLARATIONS $new115:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,384,8) D:(1537,19)

[W] (e:/system3/src/Btrees.ob2 132,44) not assigned variable $new98'.e[].key
   moved
                            Files.WriteLInt(R, p$.e[i].key);
  #DEREFERENCES p^=$new98'?
  #DECLARATIONS $new98':(145,16) p:(120,41)
  #CONTEXT WriteLIntPage(132,44?) -> NewLIntPage(152,32?) ->
       ReadLIntPage(182,40?) -> MinLIntKey(548,16)

[W] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 445,62) not assigned variable A.s[] moved
                            IF M.class = Objects.String THEN COPY($M.s,
    F.na...
  #DEREFERENCES M^=A!
  #DECLARATIONS A:(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1539,8) M:(435,40)
[W] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 706,35) not assigned variable $new115.X
   moved
                            main.X := D$.X; main.Y := D.Y; main.W := D.W;
    ma...
  #DEREFERENCES D^=$new115!
  #DECLARATIONS $new115:(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,384,8) D:(698,16)
........ and so on ... further 17 messages

########################## Scalar Errors (WARNINGS) ########################

[W] (e:/System3/Src/Win32/NetSystem.ob2 307,31) range 0:255 overflow on
   value 48:21474884
                            num[j] $:= CHR(ORD("0")+d); INC(j)

[W] (e:/System3/Src/Win32/Oberon.ob2 352,15) zero or negative divisor 0, 78, 80
    BEGIN RETURN X $DIV DW * DW
[W] (e:/System3/Src/Win/Objects.ob2 339,82) range 1:65535 underflow on value
   0, 2
    ...                        obj.len := M.len; NEW(obj.blk, obj$.len);
  #CONTEXT HandleDummy(339,82?) -> OldLoadLibrary(486,40?) ->
       LoadLibrary(543,24?) -> LoadFileLib(642,48?) -> ThisLibrary(240,32?)
       -> This(e:/System3/Src/Win/Fonts.ob2,522,30) ->
       Setdefault(e:/System3/Src/Win/Fonts.ob2,535,60? 536,28?)

############################ UNREACHABLE BRANCHES ##########################

[W] (reply.ob2 2,7) procedure $body_reply has no exit
    MODULE $reply;

[W] (e:/system3/src/News.ob2 1692,24) unreachable THEN-branch
                            $Texts.OpenReader(R, text, beg);

[W] (e:/system3/src/Mail.ob2 3021,31) body of WHILE never executed
                    WHILE snoopers $# NIL DO

[W] (e:/system3/src/HyperDocs.ob2 1574,16) unreachable ELSE-branch
                    $IF F = NIL THEN
[W] (e:/system3/src/HyperDocs.ob2 1576,46) operand in OR/AND operator = FALSE
                            IF (V # NIL) & (V.dsc $# NIL) THEN

[W] (e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2 188,24) unreachable THEN-branch
                            $WITH M: Objects.AttrMsg DO
  #CONTEXT DocHandler(188,24!?) ->
       Restore(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,156,26),
       ShowDoc(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1566,24?),
       CreateMenu(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1531,8)
      # DocHandler(188,24!?) ->
       ModifyFrame(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,133,16? 138,16?) ->
       Restore(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,159,6?)
      # DocHandler(188,24!?) -> Init(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,975,16)
      # DocHandler(188,24!?) ->
       ModifyFrame(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,144,8) ->
       Restore(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,159,6?)

[W] (e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2 288,22) unreachable ELSE-branch
                    ELSIF $M IS Display.DisplayMsg THEN
  #CONTEXT LogHandler(288,22) ->
       CreateMenu(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1531,8)

[W] (e:/system3/src/win32/NetSystem.ob2 177,40) unreachable THEN-branch
                                            $IF C.sock # InvalidSocket THEN

[W] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 708,40) operand in OR/AND operator = trUE
                            IF (M.F $= NIL) OR (M.F = F) THEN   ...

[W] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 942,27) unreachable THEN-branch
            IF menu = NIL THEN $HALT(99) END;

[W] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 1040,10) procedure newMenu has no exit
    PROCEDURE $newMenu(name, menubar: ARRAY OF CHAR): Display.Frame;

[W] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 1117,10) procedure NewMenu has no exit
    PROCEDURE $NewMenu*(menubar: ARRAY OF CHAR): Display.Frame;

[W] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 1513,24) body of WHILE never executed
                    WHILE f $# NIL DO

[W] (e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2 1592,26) operand in OR/AND operator = FALSE
               IF (D.lib $# NIL) & (D.lib.name # "") THEN (* uh-uh,pub...

[W] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets.ob2 1128,24) unreachable THEN-branch
                            $WITH M: Display.ModifyMsg DO
  #CONTEXT FrameHandler(1128,24) ->
       Restore(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,156,4)
[W] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets.ob2 1129,40) operand in OR/AND operator =
   trUE
                                    IF (M.F $# NIL) & (M.F IS Style) THEN
  #CONTEXT FrameHandler(1129,40) -> Init(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,962,8
       967,8)
      # FrameHandler(1129,40) ->
       ModifyFrame(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,133,16? 138,16? 144,8) ->
       Restore(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,158,6? 160,9?)

[W] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets.ob2 1135,22) unreachable ELSE-branch
                    ELSIF $M IS Display.ControlMsg THEN
  #CONTEXT FrameHandler(1135,22) -> Init(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,962,8
       967,8)
      # FrameHandler(1135,22) ->
       ModifyFrame(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,133,16? 138,16? 144,8) ->
       Restore(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,158,6? 160,9?)

[W] (e:/system3/src/TextGadgets.ob2 1159,24) unreachable ELSE-branch
                            $TextGadgets0.FrameHandler(F, M)
  #CONTEXT FrameHandler(1159,24) ->
       Restore(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,156,4)

[W] (e:/System3/Src/Btrees.ob2 131,16) low value 0 > high value -1 in FOR
                    $FOR i := 0 TO p.m-1 DO
[W] (e:/system3/src/Btrees.ob2 148,33) body of WHILE never executed
                            WHILE p0 $# NIL DO
  #CONTEXT NewLIntPage(148,33?) -> NewLInt(597,38)
[W] (e:/system3/src/Btrees.ob2 155,40) unreachable THEN-branch
                                    pp.next $:= pm.next
  #CONTEXT NewLIntPage(155,40?) -> NewLInt(597,38)
[W] (e:/system3/src/Btrees.ob2 196,35) operand in OR/AND operator = trUE
                            IF (p.next $= NIL) & (p # T.cache) THEN
  #CONTEXT ReadLIntPage(196,35?) -> MinLIntKey(548,16)
[W] (e:/system3/src/Btrees.ob2 632,33) body of WHILE never executed
                            WHILE p0 $# NIL DO
[W] (e:/system3/src/Btrees.ob2 639,40) unreachable THEN-branch
                                    pp.next $:= pm.next

[W] (e:/system3/src/Documents.ob2 633,48) unreachable THEN-branch
                    ELSIF M IS Objects.AttrMsg THEN $DocumentAttr(F,
    M(Objec...
  #CONTEXT Handler(633,48) ->
       LogHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,285,37?) ->
       CreateMenu(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1531,8)
      # Handler(633,48) -> DocHandler(e:/system3/src/Textdocs.ob2,218,37?)
       -> CreateMenu(e:/system3/src/Desktops.ob2,1531,8)

........ and so on ... further ~50 messages

######################## UNUSABLE VARIABLES (Strong) #######################

[W] (e:/system3/src/News.ob2 86,26) variable newgDate.day assigned but not
   used
                            i $:= SHORT(S.i);
  #DEREFERENCES i^=newgDate.day!
  #DECLARATIONS newgDate:(73,16) i:(83,52)
  #CONTEXT ScanInt(86,26?) -> ScanDate(95,16)
[W] (e:/system3/src/Mail.ob2 3105,24) variable $new104.Display assigned but
   not used
            mailListMethod^ $:= ListGadgets.method^;
  #DEREFERENCES mailListMethod^=$new104!
  #DECLARATIONS $new104:(3104,8) mailListMethod:(124,16)

[W] (e:/system3/src/HyperDocs.ob2 1590,31) variable diskCache assigned but
   not used
            curKey := 0; diskCache $:= Files.New("");
[W] (e:/system3/src/HyperDocs.ob2 1595,21) variable $new100.LocateString
   assigned but not used
            linkMethods^ $:= TextGadgets.methods^;
  #DEREFERENCES linkMethods^=$new100!
  #DECLARATIONS $new100:(1594,8) linkMethods:(123,16)

[W] (e:/system3/src/win32/NetSystem.ob2 1387,37) variable sockDll assigned
   but not used
            Texts.OpenWriter(W); sockDll $:= Kernel32.NULL;

[W] (e:/system3/src/Btrees.ob2 1100,19) variable tag assigned but not used
                    tag$:=0;--vshel Files.ReadInt(R, tag); ASSERT(tag =
    Tag)...

[W] (e:/system3/src/Attributes.ob2 487,40) formal parameter T not used
    PROCEDURE *StandardMacros(ch: CHAR; VAR $T: Reader; VAR res:
    Texts.Text;...

[W] (e:/system3/src/win32/Oberon.ob2 452,38) variable end assigned but not
   used
        text := M.text; beg := M.beg; end $:= M.end; time := M.time
  #DEREFERENCES end^=end!
  #DECLARATIONS end:(e:/system3/src/Attributes.ob2,488,26) end:(448,56)
  #CONTEXT GetSelection(452,38) ->
       StandardMacros(e:/system3/src/Attributes.ob2,494,24?)

[W] (e:/system3/src/win/Fonts.ob2 306,81) formal parameter class not used
    ...amily: ARRAY OF CHAR; size: LONGINT; style: SET; $class: ARRAY OF
    CHAR);
......... and so on ... further ~300 messages about unusable variables
Copyright 2000, 2001 AcademSoft. All rights reserved.